영어문법, 12. 전치사

Chapter 12  전치사

 

1. 전치사구의 형태

: 전치사의 뒤에는 전치사의 목적어가 오며 이를 전치사구라 하며, 전치사의 목적어로는 명사, 대명사, 동명사, 명사절이 올 수 있다. 부정사 또는 동사원형은 전치사의 목적어가 될 수 없다.

 

What did you do after school yesterday? (명사)

Listen to me carefully. (대명사 – 목적격 사용)

Before going to bed, you must brush your teeth. (동명사)

cf) Before go to bed, you must brush your teeth. (X)

   Before to go to bed, you must brush your teeth. (X)

He did not focus on what I was saying. (명사절)

 

[주의]

except, but, than이 전치사로 사용될 경우에는 to 부정사가 목적어로 사용될 수 있다.

They have no duties except to eat and sleep. (O)

 

2. 전치사구의 용법

: 전치사구는 형용사 (명사 수식 또는 보어) 또는 부사(동사, 형용사, 문장전체 수식)의 역할을 한다. 그리고 전치사구는 타동사의 목적어로 사용될 수 없다. 타동사는 그 자체로 목적어를 수반하기 때문이다.

 

형용사 역할

He ate the apple on the table. (명사수식)

We kept our players in good physical condition. (목적격 보어)

 

부사 역할

At the party, we have a wonderful time. (문장전체수식)

We went to school. (동사수식)

I am sure of his success. (형용사수식)

 

You resemble with your father. (X) → You resemble your father. (O)

 

 

3. 시간과 장소의 전치사 at < on < in

 

    1) 시간             At 11:20 p.m. / night / noon

                          on Monday / May 7 / Christmas Day

                          In the morning / the afternoon / the evening

                            * at night , at noon , on the morning of May 7,
on September 1, 1939

                          In June / summer / 2003 / the 23st century

                            * In three days ( 경과의 In )

    2) 장소             At 55 Broadway

                          on Broadway

                          In London / Korea

    3) 위치             At home / work / the library

                          on the second floor / a train

                          In the house / school

 

4. 기간의 표시  :   for three months / during the summer / since 1976

                           * He’s been off work for a long time.

 

5. by와 until

 

I will finish this by the end of this month. (동작이나 상태가 그 이전이나 그 시점에 완료)

This credit card is valid until July, 2008. (동작이나 상태가 계속되다가 그 시점에 완료)

* I will wait here until the concert is over. (접속사로 사용된 경우)

 

6. between과 among

 

Trade between the two countries was interrupted by the war. (둘일 때 ~사이에)

The host circulated among the guests. (셋 이상에서 ~사이에)

 

7. 박탈, 제거의 of

 

I helped him clear the garden of weeds.
The doctor cured him of his bad cold.
Tom can’t deprive himself of his temper. He is always mad as a hatter.
This pill will ease you of your headache.
Let me relieve you of your trouble.
You must rid yourself of the old-fashioned ideas.
The robber robbed me of my wallet.
Elephants strip trees of leaves

 

8. 변화의 into

 

The prince turned into a beast.
His job is to translate English into Korean.

 

9. 동시동작(부대상황)의 with

 

He stood there with his hands in his pockets.
Don‘t speak with your mouth full.
He came downstairs with his coat over his arm.
With night coming on, we started home.
She sat there, with her eyes closed.

 * with all    [양보]   …이 있으면서도, …에도 불구하고
   With all her wealth, she is still unhappy.
   With all her drawbacks, she is loved by everybody.

 

10. except와 except for

 

1) except와 except for는 일반화하는 말, 즉 all, every, no, everything, anybody, nowhere, whole etc. 뒤에서 같이 사용

He ate everything on his plate except (for) the beans.

 

2) 다른 경우에는 except for만 사용됨

 

I've cleaned all the rooms except (for) the bathroom.

I've cleaned the house except for the bathroom. (NOT ... except the bathroom.)

Nobody came except (for) John and Mary. (after nobody).

Except for John and Mary, nobody came. (before nobody).

 

3) 뒤에 전치사나 절이 오는 경우에는 except 만 사용됨

It's the same everywhere except in Scotland. (NOT ... except for in Scotland.)

She's beautiful except when she smiles. (NOT ... except for when she smiles.)

 

 

11. 혼동하기 쉬운 전치사들

 

1)    전치사가 아닌 것으로 오인 받는 것들

: like, unlike, worth, near, opposite, but

 

I cannot do it like you.

Unlike his brother, he was an ambitious person.

It is worth all the trouble.

Sometimes it is nearly impossible to find a parking space anywhere near the office.

She came near being drowned. (거의 ~할 뻔한)

I live opposite the post office.

Who but she would do such a thing? (=except)

 

l   This book is worth reading.

1)    This book is worth to read는 틀린 문장 : 전치사는 to Inf나 동사원형을 목적어로 취할 수 없음

2)    단, worth while의 경우에는 동명사, to 부정사 모두를 목적어로 취함
 It is worth while reading the book. (=to read the book)

2)    전치사로 오해 받는 접속사

Strike while the iron is hot.

I could not go to the concert, because I had to take care of the baby.

  

3)    접속사로 오인 받는 전치사

They went for a walk despite the rain.

 

4)    전치사, 접속사 모두 사용되는 경우

: since, until(till), after, before, except, for

 

It’s long time since her death. (전치사 ; 이래로)

I have known her since she was a child. (접속사 ; ~한 이래로)

Since we live in the computer era, you should get used to PC. (접속사 ; ~ 때문에)

 

Wait until 2 o’clock.

I will wait here until the concert is over.

 

He often stays in the office after hours.

She always washes her hands after she gets home.

 

She stood before the President.

You must sow before you can reap. (속담)

 

You have no cause for worry.

It is morning, for the birds are singing. (등위접속사 ; 왜냐하면)