영어문법, 10. 대명사

Chapter 10 대명사

 

1. 인칭대명사

 

	주격	소유격	목적격	소유대명사	재귀대명사
단수
1인칭	I	my	me	mine	myself
2인칭	you	your	you	yours	yourself
3인칭	he	his	him	his	himself
	she	her	her	hers	herself
	it	its	it	its	itself
복수
1인칭	we	our	us	ours	ourselves
2인칭	you	your	you	yours	yourselves
3인칭	they	their	them	theirs	themselves

 

I can’t for the life of me remember where I left my cell phone. (주격)

Your meaning didn't really get across. (소유격)

Her lack of experience told against her. (목적격)

Theirs is an untold story. (소유대명사, = their stories)

Don't all sit together, spread yourselves out. (재귀대명사)

 

1) 소유대명사

: 소유격 + 명사의 의미로 주어, 목적어, 보어의 역할을 한다

Hers was a true rags-to-riches story. (주어)

Your version conflicts with mine. (목적어)

The food on the left side of the table is ours. (보어)

 

2) 재귀대명사

: ~자신이라는 의미로 문장 안에서 목적어가 주어와 같은 것을 쓸 때 사용하며 이때 재귀대명사는 생략할 수 없다.

She applied herself to her new duties with great energy.

They themselves had had a similar experience. (강조)

 

2. 지시대명사 / 지시형용사

: this(these), that(those) 등으로 사람, 사물을 가리키는 역할을 한다. 지시대명사는 명사를 수식하여 지시형용사로도 사용된다.

I have never seen scenery like this before.

I saw John’s score on this test and that was not bad.

Is this solution acceptable to all parties concerned?

In those days a literacy test was required for immigrants.

 

this와 that의 용법

 

1)    전자 / 후자

the one  / the other  , the other / the one,  the former / the latter,  that / this

 

We keep a dog and a cat; I like the one better than the other.

Health is above wealth; this cannot give so happiness as that.

 

2)    this나 that 구나 문장을 받는 경우

 

He did not answer the letter, and this made me all the more angry
He promised to pay his debt, but he feared that very much.
I will pay you tomorrow. That will satisfy you.

 

3)    명사의 반복을 피하기 위한 that of / those of

The population of Japan is much larger than that of Korea.
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.

 

4)    Those who ~ , he who ~ ~하는 사람들

Those who like borrowing dislike paying.

* He who laughs last, laughs longest (= He laughs best who laughs last.)

 

3. 부정대명사 / 부정형용사

: 막연한 사물, 사람, 수량 등을 나타내는 것으로 명사 앞에서 형용사로도 사용된다

 

1)    Some / Any

: some은 주로 긍정문에 any는 주로 부정문, 의문문, 조건문에 사용됨

 

Some think he is bright, but others do not.

They had some little difficulty in understanding each other.

I have some pictures. Have you any?

I wonder whether there is any difficulty in solving the question.

Any person is welcome to check the sources. (어떤 ~라도)

 

2)    All / Every

: all은 가산명사를 나타낼 때에는 복수 취급, 불가산명사를 나타낼 때는 단수취급 한다. every는 대명사로는 사용되지 않으며, 뒤에 단수명사와 결합하여 단수취급 한다.

 

All of the students are deeply touched by teacher's talk.

All I want to do is to die a happy death.

Almost every university over the world has the department of anthropology.

 

3)    One

: 일반인 지칭 또는 a(n) + 단수명사를 받는데 사용된다. 명사로 하나라는 의미로도 사용됨

 

No one is so old but that he may learn.

Do you have a pen? I have one in my backpack.

One of her little idiosyncrasies is always washing in cold water. (명사)

 

4)    Each

: 각각이라는 의미로 단수 취급한다

Each day passed without any news.

Each page of this dictionary has two columns of text.

 

5)    Both

I don’t know both of them.

Both his tires punctured on the stony road.

 

6)    Other

: other은 대명사로는 the other (특정된 것들 중 다른 것), the others (특정된 것들  중 다른 것들), others(불특정된 것들 중 다른 것들)의 형태로 사용되며, 형용사로는 복수 가산명사 또는 불가산명사와 함께 사용된다.

 

One is black and the other is white.

Others will know him as the most brilliant theoretical physicist.

He's behind the others in reading but a long way ahead in maths.

We are willing to explore other options.

 

7)    Another

: an + other로 단수취급한다

 

Another of my great ideas bites the dust! (다른 하나의 내 위대한 생각이 묵살 당했어!)

Another problem concerns the wages of people who work in the visitor industry.

 

8)    여러 개 나열의 표시

a.     2개의 경우 : one , the other

b.    3개의 경우 : one, another, the other

c.     4개의 경우 : one, another, a third, … the forth / the other.

d.    한정된 집단 : some, the others

e.     한정되지 않은 집단 : some, others

One sang, another danced, while the third played the piano.